pardon; forgiveness; exemption; permission
testing; experiment; test; examination; exam; trial
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
I've heard that ...; rumour has it that ...; it appears as if ...
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
have to do; must; should; ought to
then; in that case; considering; if that is the case; if so
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
just; right; pure; genuine; truth
family positioned to accede to the shogunate
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
ceremony of fitting child with a hakama
equation; formula; ceremony; style; (arch.) enforcement regulations (of the ritsuryo)
to be prominent; to be conspicuous
than; from; out of; except; but; more
the same; the said; likewise
approximate age; age range
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
Osaka (city); (arch.) large hill
Nagasaki (city, prefecture)
(giving) birth; childbirth; native of; product of; assets; property
export; exportation; efferent
after that; afterwards; thereafter
Enpō era (1673.9.21-1681.9.29)
Jōkyō era (1684.2.21-1688.9.30)
to arrive at (e.g. a decision); to reach (a stage); to lead to (a place); to get to; in the extreme case of; (arch.) to come
while; during (the time when)
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
seat; place; position; status; gathering; party; stand
approximately; about; promise; appointment; shortening; reduction
(period of) a year; during an era