this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
one roll; one book; one volume; first volume; rolling once; wrapping once around
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
third son; Occella iburia (species of poacher)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to present; to offer; to dedicate
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
protection; safeguard; guardianship; preservation; conservation
occasional; infrequent; rare
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
style; way; shape; form; appearance; state
order; ordering; beginning; start; foreword; preface
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of
poem; poetry; verse; Chinese poem
compilation (of a text); editing; volume (of a text); completed literary work
solitude; loneliness; isolation
shamisen; samisen; three-stringed Japanese lute
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
city; Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
gas (state of matter, e.g. poison gas, natural gas); gasoline; gas; dense fog; thick fog; gas stove
blue and white; paleness; pallidness
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
evening; early night hours
to sing; to sing (one's praises in a poem, etc.); to compose a poem; to recite a poem
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
charming; fascinating; voluptuous
all-night vigil over a body; wake
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
-less; lacking; non-existing
middle-age; middle age; midlife; one's middle years
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress