this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
one roll; one book; one volume; first volume; rolling once; wrapping once around
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
third son; Occella iburia (species of poacher)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to present; to offer; to dedicate
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
little brother; younger brother; my younger brother; I; me
approval; approbation; endorsement
protection; safeguard; guardianship; preservation; conservation
occasional; infrequent; rare
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
style; way; shape; dress; attire; clothing
order; ordering; beginning; start; foreword; preface
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of
to sell; to betray; to sell out (one's friend, country, etc.); to make (oneself) known; to establish (a reputation) for oneself; to pick (a fight, quarrel, etc.)
poem; poetry; verse; Chinese poem
compilation (of a text); editing; volume (of a text); completed literary work
solitude; loneliness; isolation
shamisen; samisen; three-stringed Japanese lute
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
city; Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
gas (as a fuel); gas (state of matter); poison gas; dense fog; thick fog; gas stove; gas cooker
blue and white; paleness; pallidness
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence; power
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
evening; early night hours
to sing; to sing of (love, beauty, etc.) in a poem; to express in the form of a poem; to recite (a poem)
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
gloss; luster; mellowness (of a voice); youthfulness (e.g. of skin); interest; appeal
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
-less; lacking; non-existing
middle-age; middle age; midlife; one's middle years
woman; female; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
joint; knuckle; tune; melody; node (of a plant stem); joint