to roll; to wheel; to turn over; to tip over; to leave; to buy and sell (quickly for a profit)
eggplant (Solanum melongena); aubergine
praise and censure; public criticisms
nothing special; no big deal; doesn't matter
(an) exile; vagrant; wanderer; nomad
performance; appearance (in a stage, film, TV show, etc.)
to rally; to make a comeback
to worry (about); to fret (over); to be anxious
male temple employee (esp. one who does odd jobs)
to be greatly obliged; to be very sorry
innumerable changes; infinite variety
to exercise one's ingenuity; to come up with an ingenious plan
to go uninvited; to call on without an invitation; to barge in on; to throng to; to crowd into; to converge upon
(period of) a year; during an era
consecutive; continuous; successive
and yet; though; when; in spite of
to show up; to appear; to turn up
bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria var. hispida); calabash; moonflower (Ipomoea alba)
black ships; Western ships that came to Japan between the 16th and 19th centuries, esp. those of the Perry Expedition in 1853; foreign disruptor (of the Japanese market); product, person, etc. arriving from the West and disturbing the Japanese market
arrival of ships (from abroad); arrival by ship
to be breathtaking; to be stifling
emergency; extraordinary; unusual
to follow in succession; to happen one after another
troubles both at home and abroad
noisy; boisterous; turbulent
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
conquest; subjugation; overcoming; chastisement; punishment; punitive expedition
barrier; gate; seki (in go); mutual life
bombarding; shelling; bombardment
June; sixth month of the lunar calendar