at first; in the beginning; originally
six immortals of poetry; six notable Japanese poets whose poems were included in the anthology Kokin Wakashū
first line (of a poem); first bars (of a melody)
sentence; composition; text; the literary arts (as opposed to the military arts); academia; statement
dice; die; baton (of command)
female; smaller (of the two); weaker; (arch.) woman; (arch.) wife
ridge (in field); row of raised earth when planting crops; rib (cloth, mountains, sea); cord (e.g. corduroy)
to yearn for; to be in love with
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
noisy; loud; much talked of; much-discussed; strict; severe
please; kindly; I beg of you; by all means; without fail
pleasures of a pious life; entertainment for or dedicated to a deity or Buddha; pastime; entertainment; free admission
round coin with a (square) hole in the center; coin made of non-precious materials; money
sen (hundredth of a yen); coin made of non-precious materials; one-thousandth of a kan (as a unit of currency); (arch.) one-thousandth of a kan (as a unit of mass)
to scatter; to sprinkle; to distribute (handbills, etc.); to spread (rumours, etc.); to give the slip; to throw off
to like; to be pleased with; to be delighted with; to take a liking to; to suit one's fancy
hand; arm; handwriting; penmanship; 'shake' (command to have a dog place its paw in your hand)
promise; agreement; arrangement; something expected or predictable (e.g. running gag); typical or clichéd development (in a story); something considered obligatory or guaranteed (in a certain situation)
successfully; with success
many; much; a great amount; (arch.) excessive amount
tiny amount of money; a penny; one letter; one character; one mon (unit of currency)
apiece; each; at a time; piecemeal
determined purpose; an incredibly short span of time (i.e. the time occupied by a single thought); a single repetition of a prayer (esp. in Jodo-shu)
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
dew; tears; (not) a bit; (not) at all
eyebrow pencil; blackened eyebrows; (metaphorically) distant mountain range
practice; practising; experience
early summer; fourth month of the lunar calendar
death; rejection (of a manuscript, etc.); lacking; without
wisteria (esp. Japanese wisteria, Wisteria floribunda); wistaria
rabbitear iris (Iris laevigata)
fence; paling; railing; (arch.) fortress
yatsuhashi; cinnamon-seasoned rice flour cracknel (local delicacy in Kyoto); zigzag bridge
crossing; passage; importing; import; wandering; wanderer; migration
(arch.) kariginu (informal clothes worn by the nobility from the Heian period onwards); (during the Edo period) patterned kariginu
to express sudden recognition and being impressed; (lit.) to slap one's knee
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
pity; sorrow; pitiable; pitiful; alack; alas
to rub; to chafe; to strike (match); to lose (e.g. a match); to forfeit; to squander one's money (e.g. through gambling, Pachinko, etc.)
Gion Festival (in Kyoto during the month of July, with high point on the 17th)
imitative sound (in film, theatre, etc.); sound effect