article (in a document); clause; counter for lines, stripes, streaks, rays, etc.; although; though; since
dry riverbed; river beach
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
to; traditional unit of volume, approx. 18 litres; square bearing block (at the top of a pillar); Chinese "Dipper" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); third string of a koto (counting from the player's near side)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
with a pat; with a tap; with a pop; with a crack; casually (throw); carelessly
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
anyone; anybody; everyone; everybody; whoever
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
why; how; for what reason
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
stuffing; packing; endgame; final stage; end; end (esp. of a bridge); edge
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
duck; easy mark; sucker; sitting duck
river; stream; River; the ... river
to run along; to run beside; to follow (a policy, plan, etc.); to act in accordance with; to meet (wishes, expectations, etc.); to satisfy
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
alley; alleyway; path through a gate or garden; teahouse garden
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
don't you think?; indicates question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
meaning; significance; sense
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
someone; a certain person
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...