to oppress; to persecute; to tyrannize
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
tear; tears; lachrymal secretion; sympathy
fashion; way; school (of thought); class; rank; current (electrical, water, etc.)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to feel comforted; to be in good spirits; to feel better; to trifle with; to fool around with
draining basket (traditionally made of bamboo); colander; something full of holes; zaru soba; strong drinker; someone who can drink like a fish
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter
chapter one; first chapter
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
absence; being away from home; house-sitting; house-sitter; being left unattended to (of one's studies, etc.); neglecting
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
starting point for an ascent (mountain, stairs, etc.); base (of mountain, etc.)
tatami mat (esp. as a measure of room size, either 1.82 sqm or 1.54 sqm)
room; wife (of someone of high rank); scabbard; Chinese "Encampment" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
absence; disregard; indifference
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
aim; object; expectations; prospects; something that can be relied upon; snack served with alcoholic drink; pad
letter left behind by someone who has departed; farewell letter
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
older sister; elder sister; young lady; miss; ma'am