and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
martial arts demonstration; martial arts training
(large) building; public building; hall
medicine; medical science
house of parliament (congress, diet, etc.); graduate school; postgraduate school; institution (often medical); institutional building; sub-temple; minor temple building
temporary; provisional; interim; special; extraordinary; extra
establishment; founding; incorporation (of a business)
southern country; southern provinces; southern lands
counter for scraps, fragments, petals, etc.
Kagoshima (city, prefecture)
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
progress; advance; improvement; development
oneself; oneself; for oneself; personally
Ryukyu; chain of southwestern Japanese islands comprising Okinawa Prefecture
product; produce; result; fruit
southern mountains; mountains to the south; Mount Kōya (esp. Kongōbu-ji)
colloquialism; colloquial language; slang
thought; report on one's investigation into ...; deceased father
forming; shaping; casting; molding; adult form
to arrive; to reach; to adhere; to insist on; to put on; to wear
Western learning (introduced to Japan in the late-Edo and early-Meiji periods)
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
(courteous) invitation; call
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (of China; 9-23 CE)
to fire (gun, arrow, questions, etc.); to shoot; to set free; to release; to emit (e.g. light); to give off (e.g. a scent)
hoop (of a barrel, bucket, etc.); discipline; solidarity
great (quantity, amount, etc.); huge; enormous; serious
national customs and manners; provincial song or ballad; waka (classical Japanese poetry, as opposed to Chinese poetry)
to hate; to dislike; to avoid; to disregard; to act without regard (for); to be bad for (e.g. dust in machinery)
(licensed) red light district
Western-style house (esp. one built in the Meiji or Taisho periods)
Western goods; Western things; imported goods
to buy; to purchase; to value (highly); to think highly of; to incur (someone's anger, displeasure, etc.); to elicit (e.g. sneers)
end; conclusion; last; final; once ...; the moment ... (, that's it)
at hand; on hand; way of moving one's arms; skill; money at hand; pocket money
koban; small oval gold coin used in the Edo period; oval; elliptical; small size (of paper)
not to mention ...; needless to say ...; not to speak of ...; (arch.) negligent; (arch.) neglectful; (arch.) careless