preface; foreword; introduction
the Analects of Confucius (one of the Four Books)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
whole life; a lifetime; all through life; (the only, the greatest, etc.) of one's life
steadily; unflaggingly; untiringly; knocking; tapping; clicking
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
above ground; on the ground; earth's surface; this world; this earth
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
while; during; while; although; all; both
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
to reach the point where ...; to come to ...; to come to be that ...; to start to ...; to begin to ...
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
mystery; mysteriousness; secret
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
so to speak; so to call it; as it were; in a sense
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
it is assuredly (that) ...; can say with confidence that it is ...
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to imitate; to follow; to copy; to emulate
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
nothing but; except; no more than
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
echo; reverberation; sound (esp. the distinctive sound of an object or activity, e.g. rain, gun, gallop, drum); noise; quality of a sound (e.g. a fine phrase, clear voice, resonant bell); feeling of a sound
with; by; because of; on account of; on (a day, date); at (a time); adds emphasis to preceding word
falsehood; untruth; lie; fallacy
purposely (of something needless, unexpected or seemingly counterproductive, etc.); daringly (doing something); not necessarily; not particularly; (arch.) definitely not
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)