order; ordering; beginning; start; foreword; preface
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
several years standing; over several years
already known; well-known
or; either ... or; maybe; perhaps; some ... and others ...; sometimes ... and at other times ...
not yet known; unknown; strange
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
one's heart; one's feelings; one's inner thoughts; one's mind
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to have a talk; to tell a story
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
nowadays; in this day and age
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to bear; to carry on one's back; to take responsibility for; to accept a duty; to receive (wound); to incur (damage)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
ingratitude; thanklessness
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
to begin to write; to begin writing; to begin to draw; to begin drawing; to begin painting
to be due to; to be caused by; to depend on; to turn on; to be based on; to come from
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
to encourage; to cheer; to raise (the voice)
endurance; perseverance; patience
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...