lower-ranking vassal in the Kamakura and Edo periods
society; public; community; social studies
to make contact (with); to get in touch; to enter into relations; to come to an understanding
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
reason; cause; circumstances
national border; provincial border
Yoshida Shouin (1830.9.20-1859.11.21)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to throw down; to throw out; to abandon; to resign; to give freely; to give generously
Fukuzawa Yukichi (1834-1901)
form; shape; state; condition; letter; correspondence
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
pain; anguish; distress; suffering; hardship
lick; bottom card of the draw pile; (arch.) tasting (a nobleman's) medicine to see if it contains poison; (arch.) medicine taster
mountain stream; valley; dale; wetlands; swamp; marsh
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
infiltration; sneaking in; going undercover
8th in rank; eighth sign of the Chinese calendar
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
civilization; civilisation; culture; Bunmei era (1469.4.28-1487.7.20)
one end; an end; part; fragment
to gnaw; to nibble; to bite; to dabble in; to have a smattering of
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
quiet; calm; easily; comfortably; distant; far-off
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
the three realms of existence; the whole universe (of a billion worlds) that Buddha enlightened; past, present and future existences; far-off ...; distant ...
principal; main; important; fashionable
walking sideways; staggering; striding; being rampant; being widespread; being prevalent
Vienna sausage; wiener; Vienna coffee; Viennese
to look at; to gaze at; to look out over; to get a view of; to look on (from the sidelines); to stand by and watch
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
carelessness; negligence; oversight
to be complete; to be all present; to be equal; to be uniform; to gather; to assemble
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
much more; not to mention; not to speak of; to say nothing of; let alone
middle; centre; center; midpoint; heart