order; ordering; beginning; start; foreword; preface
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
meaning; significance; sense
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
what is called; as it is called; the so-called; so to speak
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
literature; the arts; art and literature; liberal arts
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
suddenly; abruptly; unexpectedly
approval; agreement; support; favour; favor
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
it is not (like that) either
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
(some) more; even more; longer; further
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to point; to nominate; to select someone; to identify; to indicate; to play (a game of shogi)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
world; society; people; the public
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to become accustomed to calling (e.g. someone by a certain name)
(on a) closer look; closer scrutiny; second look
(not) always; (not) necessarily; (not) entirely; (not) all
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more