to fix (a time, date, etc.); to set; to expect; to hope for; to resolve (to do); to decide upon
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
long sword (as opposed to the shorter katana); tachi; sabre-like sword worn on the hip with the blade facing down
already; now; by this time; quick; early; fast
(ancient) Japan; Yamato kingdom; Yamato (former province located in present-day Nara Prefecture); Yamato (battleship)
practitioner; specialist; man (esp. one who is well-respected); samurai
field; plain; hidden interior part (of a structure or object); wild (of an animal or plant)
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
to bite; to chew; to gnaw; to fumble one's words (esp. during a play, broadcast, etc.); to falter with one's words; to crash against (e.g. of waves); to break onto (shore)
to charm; to bewitch; to enchant; to captivate; to fascinate
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
to kick; to refuse; to reject; to stamp (on the ground); to firmly press one's feet (against something)
Owari (former province located in the west of present-day Aichi Prefecture)
pine tree (Pinus spp.); highest (of a three-tier ranking system)
to put clothes on (someone); to dress; to cover; to coat; to pin (e.g. a crime on someone); to lay (blame)
to drain; to flow (unobstructed); to sell well; to be in good demand; to exit the stage; to remove (a prop) from the stage
traffic; transportation; communication; exchange (of ideas, etc.); intercourse
to open out (of a view, scenery, etc.); to spread out; to improve (of luck, prospects, etc.); to get better; to develop (of a town, civilization, etc.); to become civilized; to be sensible
Man'yōshū (8th century anthology of Japanese poetry)
traditional Japanese poem with verses of five and seven morae repeated at least three times, usu. ending with a verse of seven; long epic song with shamisen accompaniment (developed in Kyoto in the late 16th century)
tanka; 31-mora Japanese poem
rough (estimate, outline, etc.); broad; general; generous; openhanded
meter (in Chinese poetry); consistency
line (of text); row; carya (austerities); samskara (formations); semi-cursive style (of writing Chinese characters); running style
one by one; each; every; at intervals of
to step on; to tread on; to set foot on (e.g. foreign soil); to stand on; to experience; to undergo; to follow (rules, principles, etc.)
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryō period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
investigation into historical evidence; study of historical artifacts
back-to-back; facing in opposite directions; two sides of the same coin; inextricably linked (esp. with something dangerous or undesirable); on bad terms; at odds
national language; Japanese language (esp. as a school subject in Japan); one's native language; mother tongue; native Japanese words (as opposed to loanwords and Chinese-derived words)
emphasis (e.g. placed on a word); stress; tone (of voice)
chief; main; principal; main secondary or supporting role (in kyogen)
flat board; slab; monotonous; dull; even pitch; accentless pitch
characteristic (of); peculiar (to); inherent (in); eigen-
word of Japanese origin; native Japanese word
foreign; imported; outpatient; outpatient care; outpatient clinic
sound; noise; (speech) sound; Chinese-derived reading of a kanji
Japanese word of Chinese origin; Sino-Japanese word; language of the Han people; Chinese
(unfolded) thin sheet of paper; 200-character writing paper; paper money; note
pole; rod; line; dash; spoken monotonously