palace; tonic (of the Japanese and Chinese pentatonic scale); ancient Chinese punishment (castration for men, or confinement for women); zodiacal sign
great; excellent; very troublesome; awful; tiring; tough
to build up; to establish; to form; to become (a state); to accomplish; to achieve; to change into
never; by no means; not in the least; why; what for
older brother; elder brother
shrine; palace; imperial residence; Imperial prince; Imperial princess; headboard with built-in shelves, drawers, etc.
even if; no matter (what); if; though; although; supposing
eaves; narrow aisle surrounding the core of a temple building
shellfish; seashell; shell
(not) always; (not) necessarily; (not) entirely; (not) all
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
foolishness; silliness; stupidity; (arch.) I; (arch.) me
layman (esp. as opposed to a Buddhist monk); laity; local manners; modern customs; common; popular
un-; non-; negative prefix
warp (weaving); longitude; scripture; sutra; trans-
solely; entirely; only; or
adaptation (of a novel, play, etc.)
certainly; really; truly; possibly; maybe; perhaps
to discuss; to talk about; to argue; to dispute; to take into consideration; to make an issue of
to be sufficient; to be enough; to be worth doing; to be worthy of; to do (the job); to serve
unconditionally; as a rule
to repel; to drive away; to repulse; to reject
study; scholarship; learning; discipline; branch of learning; (a) science
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
similar story; variant tale
system; lineage; ancestry; group (e.g. of colors) (colours); family (e.g. of languages); close (evolutionary) relationship
investigation; examination; inquiry; enquiry; survey
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
various points (of discussion); various places; various spots; various matters
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
one's early days; little while
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance
to boil; to simmer; to stew; to seethe
to restrict; to limit; to be restricted to; to be limited to; to be best (for); to be the best plan
reason; significance; cause; piece of information that one has heard; I hear that ...; it is said that ...
exceedingly; extremely; decisively
used; second-hand; old; Middle Ages (in Japan esp. Heian period)
various countries; various regions; various provinces
equal; identical; the same; no different (to); just like; equivalent
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
companion; follower; attendant; retinue