talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
Taiheiki (Japanese historical epic, said to have been written by Kojima Houshi in the 1370s)
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
old; aged; long; since long ago; of the distant past; long-ago
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
the old days; the past; former times; the past ten years; the past decade
word; term; language; speech
warehouse; storehouse; cellar; magazine; granary; godown
book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter
pretext; history; past; according to ...; ... says
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
beginning; opening; start; outset
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to pull; to tug; to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest); to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
sentence; composition; text; the literary arts (as opposed to the military arts); academia; statement
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
probably; likely; perhaps; a lot of; much; many
taking excerpts; extraction
to be seen; to be visible; to look; to seem; to come
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
Engen era (of the Southern Court; 1336.2.29-1340.4.28)
first year (of an imperial era); year something (important) first happened or began
New Year (esp. first three days); first month of the year; January
government forces; loyalist army
to attack; to assault; to challenge; to take on; to be bold; to be audacious
a long time ago; long before now