one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
image; figure; figure; form; image
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
after that; afterwards; thereafter
suddenly; casually; accidentally; incidentally; unexpectedly; unintentionally
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
dance hall; dance floor; landing (stairs); leveling off (e.g. in the economy); period of stagnation
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
(how) many times; (how) often
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
on one occasion; once; at one point; at one time
executive secretary; coordinator; organizer; person in charge of making arrangements
answer respectively agreement or disagreement
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
mask; disguise; guise; mask
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates the target of an activity; -ee (e.g. employee, examinee, trustee)
stock; share; stump; (clump of) roots; plant with attached roots or stem; strain (of bacteria, etc.); stock company
bewilderment; perplexity; embarrassment; confusion
while; during; while; although; all; both
tobacco; cigarette; cigaret; tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum)
to smoke; to breathe in; to suck; to sip; to absorb; to soak up
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
face; mask; face guard; (in kendo) striking the head; surface (esp. a geometrical surface); page; aspect
jaw; chin; barb (of a fishhook)
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
match (to light fire with)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
moustache; beard; whiskers (on a cat, etc.); feelers (on an insect, etc.); shadow (on a candlestick chart)
moustache; beard; whiskers (on a cat, etc.); feelers (on an insect, etc.); shadow (on a candlestick chart)