circulation; rotation; cycle; loop
(Edo period) foreign writings
to translate; to interpret
to become famous; to go out into the world; to make one's way in the world; to appear
Dutch studies; studies of Western knowledge
to stick through; to force through; to spread throughout; to thoroughly diffuse; to make a path between two points; to proceed in a logical manner; to let pass
translation into (classical) Chinese; translation into kanbun; kango translation; translation into Japanese using kanji
medical science; medicine
military science; strategy; tactics
study of foreign languages; linguistics
reason; logic; sense; natural way of things
edge; brink; verge; time; moment of
invention; intelligent; clever; (arch.) making sense (of something); (arch.) understanding
skillful; adroit; craft; craftsmanship; plot; scheme
medicine; Pharmaceutical and Food Safety Bureau
honesty; integrity; purity and unselfishness
enough; sufficient; plenty; sufficiently; fully; thoroughly
to carry to extremes; to go to the end of something; to investigate thoroughly; to master
wonderful; splendid; magnificent
right beside; close to; nearby
on the occasion of; at the time of
shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes)
shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes)
yours sincerely; respectfully yours
quotient; dealing; dealer; second degree (of the Japanese and Chinese pentatonic scale); Shang dynasty (China, approx. 1600-1046 BCE); Yin dynasty
completely; absolutely; (not) at all; (not) a bit; earnestly; intently
indifferent; unconcerned; nonchalant; unmindful; inattentive; careless
prizing; valuing highly; esteeming
rainfall; snowfall; alighting; descending
to take advantage of; to impose on; to make an entry (in an account book)
curiosity; inquisitiveness
another place; somewhere else; outside (one's family or group); someone else; not caring for; being indifferent to
short-tempered; quick-tempered; hasty