appreciation of the yen; strong yen; strengthening of the yen; high-valued yen; exchange in favor of the yen (favour)
sturdy spirit; bold; daring; brave; valiant; undaunted
great; grand; (arch.) obstinate; (arch.) stubborn
cucumber (Cucumis sativus)
cucumber (Cucumis sativus)
helmet (of a warrior); headpiece
expectation; anticipation; hope; promising; rising; up-and-coming
to borrow; to have a loan; to rent; to hire
stone wall; dry wall; rocky cliff; stone precipice
koban; small oval gold coin used in the Edo period; oval; elliptical; small size (of paper)
Wu; region in China, south of the lower Yangtze; Wu; Southern Wu; Wu; Eastern Wu
silk gauze (esp. used in light clothing for high summer)
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
to pass (the night); to spend; to reveal; to divulge; to prove; to verify
to hold a thing in one's arms; to carry in one's arms; to embrace (e.g. a baby); to take upon oneself; to be saddled with
crossing swords; fighting with swords; cutting each other (in fighting)
sum; harmony; peace; Japan; Japanese-style
party-internal; within the party
season when the sky is clear and the air warm (spring); first ten days of the fourth lunar month
Genji (the character in the Genji Monogatari); the Minamoto family
Emishi; historical term for non-Yamato peoples in northern Japan; Yezo (northern part of Meiji-era Japan, esp. Hokkaido, but also Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands)
Ming dynasty (China, 1368-1644)
three generations; three periods; third generation
3000; three thousand; many
Nagasaki (city, prefecture)
to destroy; to overthrow; to wreck; to ruin
to treat with medicinal steam (a swelling, etc.); to dry the bottom of a ship (to prevent insect damage)
tumor; tumour; swelling; boil; abscess
approximate age; age range
spine; backbone; spinal column
notables; dignitaries; illustrious families; clear; plain; obvious
clearly; distinctly; vividly