one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
Japanese apricot (Prunus mume); Japanese plum; ume; lowest (of a three-tier ranking system)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
stopping place (incl. stations, rail yards, junctions, etc.); (railway) station
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to tell (to do); to order; to tell on (someone); to tattle; to often say
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
car; automobile; vehicle; wheel
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
hill; height; knoll; rising ground
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to erase; to delete; to turn off (power); to switch off; to extinguish; to put out
mother's side of family; maternal (grandfather, uncle, etc.)
to be hit; to strike; to touch; to be in contact; to be equivalent to; to be applicable; to be right on the money (of a prediction, criticism, etc.)
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
as was expected; just as one thought; sure enough; really; actually; ever
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
sparse; distant (of a relationship); estranged; alienated
to hit; to strike; to strike (noon, etc.); to sound (cymbals, etc.); to beat (rhythmically, e.g. pulse, waves, etc.); to move; to impress
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
Osaka (city); (arch.) large hill
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry