foreword; preface; introduction; postscript
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
photograph; photo; picture; moving picture; movie
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
mitsuba (Cryptotaenia japonica); Japanese honewort; Japanese honeywort; three-leaved; trefoil
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
one leaf; one page; one sheet; (arch.) one boat
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
should; must; -able; probably; likely
will; probably; may; I think; surely; I hope
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
front and rear; front and back; before and after; around; about; order; context
presumption; assumption; estimation
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
crowd of people; great number of people; in great numbers
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to surround; to crowd around
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
older sister; elder sister
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
imagination; supposition; guess
side (esp. of a waterbody); edge; bank; shore
rough; wild; violent; immoderate; extravagant; reckless
stripe; bar; streak; (weaved) stripe pattern (of 2 or more different colors)
hakama; man's formal divided skirt
to put on (lower-body clothing, e.g. pants, skirt, footwear); to wear; to affix (a sword to one's hip); (arch.) to affix (a bowstring to a bow)
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
neck; head; dismissal; discharge
degree (angle, temperature, scale, etc.); counter for occurrences; strength (of glasses); glasses prescription; alcohol content (percentage); alcohol by volume; extent