indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
easy; simple; simple (way of thinking, etc.); simple-minded; soft; lax
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
to warm oneself; to sun oneself; to warm up; to get warm
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
on and after; as from; hereafter; thereafter; since
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
consciousness; becoming aware (of); awareness; mano-vijnana (mental consciousness, cognizer of sensory information)
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
undertaking; underwriting; acceptance
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
to deepen; to heighten; to intensify
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
awkward (movements, speech, etc.); jerky; stiff; strained (relations); sour
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
failing to properly evaluate the (relative) importance (of); putting the cart before the horse; mistaking the cause for the end; mistaking the insignificant for the essential; getting one's priorities backwards
I, myself; one-self; by one-self; even I; even one
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
to change; to exchange; to convert; to renew; to throw a switch; to replace
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
Eh?; What?; Come on!; Damn!
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
honorific/polite/humble prefix
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
in proportion to; just as much as
please (give me); please (do for me)
to close one's eyes; to lower one's eyelids; to shut one's eyes; to die; to breathe one's last
to behave like a spoiled child; to fawn on; to take advantage of; to presume upon (e.g. another's benevolence); to depend on