hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
preparation; arrangements
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
boo! (sound used to scare someone); ugh (dissatisfaction, aggravation); ulp (consternation)
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
(something) has never occurred; to have never done (something); such a thing has not happened; never happens; there is never a time when
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to speak; to tell; to talk
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
as one would expect; naturally; indeed; still; all the same; after all
clothes (esp. Western clothes); counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, drags of a cigarette, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to suit; to match; to become; to be like
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
in that way; thus; so; so?
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
forever; for good; eternally; as long as one likes; indefinitely; no matter what
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
noisy; loud; annoying; troublesome; fussy; finicky
I'm off; see you later; to go (and then come back)
have a good day; take care; see you
(a) little; somewhat; somehow
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to have a feeling (that); to have a sensation (that)
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey