indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
incredible; unbelievable; terrific; impressive
academic year; school year; year in school; grade in school
first place; first rank; unit's position; Japanese yew (Taxus cuspidata)
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
cartoon; comic; comic strip; manga
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
study; diligence; discount; reduction
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
senior high school; high school
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
than; from; out of; except; but; more
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
adds force or indicates command
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
sale; selling; selling point; gimmick; seller; vendor
in that way; thus; so; so?
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
negligence; carelessness; inattention; unpreparedness
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn