today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
suffix for familiar person
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
older sister; lass; young lady
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
father; dad; husband; you; he
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
important; significant; precious; valuable; careful
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
heat; fever; temperature; zeal; passion
to come down; to go down; to hang; to dangle; to move back; to step back; to deteriorate
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to get better; to get well; to recover (from an illness); to be cured; to be restored; to heal
(newspaper) carrier; newspaper (delivery) boy (girl); new
I'm off; see you later; to go (and then come back)
to entrust (e.g. a task) to another; to leave to; to passively leave to someone else's facilities; to leave to take its natural course; to continue (something) in a natural fashion (without particular aim); to rely fully on one's (full strength, great ability, long time taken) to get something done
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during