indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
fate; destiny; connection; tie; pretext; justification
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to come to an end; to close the curtain
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
curtain; bunting; act (in play)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
crossing swords; competing against; contending with; fighting against
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
land route; overland route; by land; overland
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
direction; district; area; field (e.g. of study); sphere; quarter
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
form; method; system; formula
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
(in) the middle of; (in) the midst of; (in) the course of; (at) the height of
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
siblings; brothers and sisters; brothers; siblings-in-law; brothers-in-law; mate
horizon (related to bodies of water)
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
ice; shaved ice (usually served with flavored simple syrup)
to dance (orig. a hopping dance)
dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); squealer; rat; loser; asshole; counterfeit
red bean paste; red bean jam; filling (e.g. of a manjū); stuffing; padding
older sister; elder sister
century; hundred years; (fig.) a long time
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
so much; so often; oh, yes!; that's it; that's right; quite
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
and; thereupon; because of that