indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
you (people); gentlemen; ladies and gentlemen; my friends
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
refinement; elegance; grace
buzzing (e.g. of insects); chirring; whirring (e.g. of a reel); humming (of electronics); hissing
so much; so often; oh, yes!; that's it; that's right; quite
too; also; still; as before; even so; either way
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
style; way; shape; dress; attire; clothing
two-wheeled motor vehicle; motorcycle; motorbike
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; used for soft emphasis or to soften a statement or request; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
the old days; the past; former times; the past ten years; the past decade
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
various; a variety of; variously; in various ways; various things; this and that
to recall; to remember; to recollect
painful; bitter; tough; difficult; cruel; harsh
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
now; the present time; just now; another; more
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
as usual; as always; as before; as ever; still
student (esp. a university student)
part time (school system)
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy; well; fit
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
oh; right; I see; OK; gotcha
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to go; to come; to lose; to be defeated; to be stumped (by); to be at a loss; to visit (a shrine, grave, etc.)
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)