ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
examination; exam; test; trial; experiment; test
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
summer vacation; summer holiday
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be disconnected; to get out of place; to miss the mark; to get it wrong (e.g. guess, expectation); to be removed; to be excluded
annihilation; total destruction; complete destruction; crushing defeat
shock (psychological); crisis (esp. financial); event that rattles the markets; shock (physical, mechanical); shock (e.g. due to lack of blood flow); trauma
September; ninth month of the lunar calendar
recital (i.e. of music, by a pupil); presentation (e.g. product launch)
duty; function; office; mission; task
taking on one's share (e.g. of work); dividing (work, expenses, etc.) between; apportionment; allotment; allocation; assignment
rest; recess; vacation; holiday; dormancy (of a silkworm prior to moulting)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
expresses a firm view or feeling; please ...; would you ...
head (chief, director) of a section or department; head of a (school) club; head of a (school) team
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
every evening; night after night
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
violent conduct; misconduct; dissipation; profligacy; debauchery
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
thanks (for coming, helping, etc.); glad you could make it; tiredness; fatigue
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...