recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
public morals; discipline; rules governing social behavior
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be disordered; to be disarranged; to be discomposed; to be upset; to lapse into chaos (due to war, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
student guidance; student counseling
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
to manage; to control; to supervise; to crack down on; to keep under strict control; to enforce
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
in that way; thus; so; so?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
what the hell; oh, great!; son of a gun; holy mackerel; oh no!; holy cow!
abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
to falter; to flinch (from); to recoil (from); to quail (at)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
how; in what way; how about
to build up; to establish; to form; to become (a state); to accomplish; to achieve; to change into
personage; person (deserving of respect)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
while; during; while; although; all; both
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on