yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
(following a verb) to be sure to; to do (something) so that ...; to make sure to; to try to
please (give me); please (do for me)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
adds force or indicates command
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
suffix for familiar person
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
(my) wife; inside the home; one's family
Eh?; What?; Come on!; Damn!
how; in what way; how about
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
waterway; channel; wake (of a ship)
huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!