indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(I) will; (I) shall; let's; (I) wonder (if); might it be (that)
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
on the way; en route; in the middle of; midway; halfway
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
law (esp. ancient East Asian criminal code); regulation; vinaya (rules for the monastic community); Ritsu (school of Buddhism); lüshi (style of Chinese poem); (musical) pitch; six odd-numbered notes of the ancient chromatic scale
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
together (with); at the same time; in one lump; in the same category
attendance (at school); going to school
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to begin to say; to start talking; to broach (a matter); to be the first to say; to suggest (doing); to propose
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
as one would expect; naturally; indeed; still; all the same; after all
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
lateness; tardiness; arriving late
email; mail; post; message (in an instant messaging application); instant message; male
to hit; to strike; to strike (noon, etc.); to sound (cymbals, etc.); to beat (rhythmically, e.g. pulse, waves, etc.); to move; to impress
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
reply (e.g. email, fax, letter); answer
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
already; now; by this time; quick; early; fast
salmon (Salmonidae spp.); chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta); dog salmon
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing
to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
telephone call; phone call; telephone (device); phone
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?