far; distant; distant (past); remote (in time); distant (relationship or kinship); having little to do (with someone); far (from something else in quality, degree, etc.)
far away; far off; far; long ago; long before
the old days; the past; former times; the past ten years; the past decade
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
chaos; confusion; disorder; chaotic; confused; uncertain
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
end; ending; close; end of (one's) life; death
manager; administrator; landlord; root (user)
to give one's name (as); to introduce oneself (as); to claim to be; to call oneself; to reveal oneself (as); to admit to being
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
beginning; outset; first; onset
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
heaven and earth; top and bottom
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
1,000,000; one million; million; many
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
to harden; to freeze; to put together; to collect; to make secure; to stabilize; to fortify
to shave (wood, leather, etc.); to sharpen (e.g. pencil); to cut down (budget, expenses, staff, time, etc.); to curtail; to delete; to erase
100,000; hundred thousand
indeed; really; very; extremely; absolutely; certainly
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
10,000; ten thousand; 10^4
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
end; conclusion; last; final; once ...; the moment ... (, that's it)
oneself (itself, etc.); I; me; you; by oneself (itself, etc.); interjection expressing anger or chagrin
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
to cut up; to split open; to rip to pieces; to tear to pieces
God; god; deity; ace; king; superior person