indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
annual (plant); first-year student
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
living by oneself; living alone
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to get used to; to grow accustomed to; to become skilled in; to become experienced at; to become tame; to become domesticated
after a long time; for the first time in a while
homecoming; returning home
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to be surprised; to be amazed; to be frightened; surprise (e.g. surprise party)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
secret; secrecy; mystery; secret (e.g. to success); esoteric teachings
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold in one's arms; to carry in one's arms; to have (problems, debts, etc.); to take on (a responsibility); to employ; to have (on one's staff)
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
thinly; slightly; vaguely; a little
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
shooting star; falling star; meteor; blaze (wide white stripe down the face of a horse)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
meteor swarm; meteor shower
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
in that way; thus; so; so?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...