indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
pleasure cruise; sightseeing boat; excursion boat
circle; entirety; whole; money; dough; enclosure inside a castle's walls; soft-shelled turtle
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
welcome!; nice to see you!
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
slowly; unhurriedly; without haste; leisurely; at one's leisure
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
enjoyment; pleasure; diversion; amusement; hobby
huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
machine; mechanism; instrument; appliance; apparatus
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
examination; quiz; test; tryout; rehearsal (in filming)
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
from now; from the present moment; from this time forward; henceforth
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
start; commencement; beginning; initiation
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
knowledge; awareness; consent; acceptance; forgiving; pardoning
certainly; surely; definitely
but; however; provided that
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
than; from; out of; except; but; more
skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid
to operate (e.g. a machine); to handle; to have a good command of (a language); to play proficiently (of a musical instrument); to work (a puppet); to pull the strings of a puppet
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
key success factor; key to success; KSF
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!