to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to view (cherry) blossoms; to look at flowers
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
to recall; to remember; to recollect
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
splendid; magnificent; gorgeous
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be seen; to be visible; to look; to seem; to come
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to live through; to survive
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
mother; mom; wife; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); she
to forget to put in; to leave out
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
have to (do, be); must (do, be); is indispensable; is absolutely necessary
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
expectation; anticipation; forecast
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...
umbrella; parasol; something shaped like an umbrella or a conical hat; shade (of a lamp); mushroom cap
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to substitute for; to stand in for; to fill in for
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
whoosh (of water); hiss (of a cat, snake, etc.); sizzle
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly