New Year (esp. first three days); first month of the year; January
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
coming; going; being (somewhere); come; go; stay
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
subject; theme; homework; assignment; task; challenge
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
bear (any mammal of family Ursidae)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
home town; birthplace; native place; (arch.) ruins; (arch.) historic remains
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
subtle; delicate; difficult; complex; doubtful; questionable
sense of distance (physical or emotional); feeling of distance
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
hindrance; obstacle; to visit (someone's home); demon who hinders Buddhist training; demon who obstructs sentient beings from maintaining moral behaviour
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
suffix for familiar person
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
it's been a long time; long time no see
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
(some) more; even more; longer; further
often; frequently; now and then; occasionally
making one's debut; making one's first appearance; (just) showing one's face; showing up; introductory kabuki performance (to introduce the actors); December kabuki performance at Kyoto's Minamiza Theater in which all famous actors perform
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy; well; fit
living by oneself; living alone