look!; there!; here!; that is
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
amount necessary to fill a container (e.g. cupful, spoonful, etc.); drink (usu. alcoholic); full; one squid, octopus, crab, etc.; one boat; fully; to capacity
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
adds force or indicates command
piping hot; scalding; madly in love; passionately in love
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
shape; appearance; collateral; obverse of an old "zeni" coin
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
to lose; to miss (a change, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
unnatural; artificial; affected; strained
form; shape; figure; visage
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question