yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
I'm off; see you later; to go (and then come back)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to condemn; to blame; to urge; to press; to torture; to torment
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
rather; sooner; preferably
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
salted rice-bran paste for pickling; mashed green soybeans
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
thanks; gratitude; manners; etiquette; bow; reward
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
to step aside; to move (i.e. out of the way); to make way; to resign; to retire; to quit
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to collect; to assemble; to gather
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to break a promise; to go back on one's word; to renege
bamboo stick used to strike meditators into greater wakefulness (in Zen Buddhism); striking someone's wrist with one's index and middle finger