to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
(arch.) the art of war; (arch.) martial arts; military force; the sword; valor; bravery
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
resistance; opposition; reluctance; repulsion; resistance; drag
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
contract; compact; agreement
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
application; request; petition
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
special training; intensive training; crash course
system; institution; organization; organisation
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces
siblings; brothers and sisters; brothers; siblings-in-law; brothers-in-law; mate
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (somebody's) side
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
direct; immediate; personal; firsthand
training; drill; practice; discipline
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
to pass (time); to spend; to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); (arch.) to take care of; (arch.) to support
to tie; to bind; to bear (fruit); to close (e.g. deal); to confirm; to connect (two distant places); to close tightly
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
anyone; anybody; everyone; whoever
equality; impartiality; evenness
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
should; must; -able; probably; likely
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
effort; exertion; endeavour; endeavor; hard work; striving