indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
how; in what way; how about
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
consciousness; becoming aware (of); awareness; mano-vijnana (mental consciousness, cognizer of sensory information)
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
to fall (over, down); to collapse; to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to die
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
water; liquid; fluid; moisture; humidity; sap
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
properly; accurately; exactly; neatly; tidily; orderly
foolish; idiotic; stupid; ridiculous; absurd
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to pass (time); to spend; to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); (arch.) to take care of; (arch.) to support
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to be saved; to be rescued; to escape harm; to be spared damage; to be helped; to be saved trouble
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.