above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
life; living; I; me; student
June; sixth month of the lunar calendar
finally; after; following; at the end (of)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
as a child; when one was a child; childhood
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
exercise; physical training; appeal; campaign; motion; movement
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
satisfaction; pride; one's strong point; one's forte; regular customer; regular client
lively; active; vigorous; animated; brisk
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
possibly; apparently; (seem) likely; somehow or other; with difficulty; barely
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
to turn toward; to look (up, down, etc.); to face (e.g. east) (of a building, window, etc.); to look out on; to point (of an arrow, compass needle, etc.); to be suited to
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
just like that; in the twinkling of an eye; in the blink of an eye; (lit.) in the time it takes to say "ah!"
black belt (judo, karate, etc.)
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
to fit; to get into; to be fit for (a job, etc.); to be suited for; to fall into; to plunge into
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
feeling; sense; impression
(of a woman) strong-minded; spirited; mannish
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
slant eyes; almond-shaped eyes; eyes that are turned up at the corners
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as