indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings
odour; odor; scent; aura; whiff; smacks of ...
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
ogre; demon; spirit of a deceased person; ogre-like person (i.e. fierce, relentless, merciless, etc.); it (in a game of tag, hide-and-seek, etc.); Chinese "ghost" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); very
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to seal (letter); to prevent; to forbid; to block
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
now; the present time; just now; another; more
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
honorific/polite/humble prefix
two persons; two people; pair; couple
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
sharing an umbrella; under one umbrella; sketch of an umbrella with two names under it (equiv. of "X loves Y")
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to step aside; to move (i.e. out of the way); to make way
to do something in readiness for; to get something (needful) done
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
elder sister; effeminate man
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to build up; to establish; to form; to become (a state); to accomplish; to achieve; to change into
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?