indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
far away; far off; far; long ago; long before
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be resurrected; to be resuscitated; to be rehabilitated; to be recalled (e.g. memories); to be brought back
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
one move (in go, shogi, etc.); only way; only means; doing alone; doing single-handed
to carry to extremes; to go to the end of something; to investigate thoroughly; to master
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
company; association; regional Chinese god of the earth (or a village built in its honour); counter for companies, shrines, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
(playing) a game of go, shogi or chess, etc.
to apply for; to make an application; to propose (marriage); to offer (mediation); to make an overture (of peace); to challenge
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
in the same way as; just like
to hit; to strike; to strike (noon, etc.); to sound (cymbals, etc.); to beat (rhythmically, e.g. pulse, waves, etc.); to move; to impress
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
cutting in two with a single stroke; taking decisive action; dealing with decisively; cutting the (Gordian) knot
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
war; battle; match; game; competition
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
one game (of go, shogi, etc.); one board (go, shogi, etc.); one office (of a broadcasting station, post office, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
another day; some other day
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
first match (in a series)
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)