after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
war; fighting; fierce competition
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
planet; dark horse; surprise contender
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
every corner; every nook and cranny; all the ins and outs
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
development; cultivation; application; exploitation (of resources)
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
growth; development; stretching (one's body, e.g. when waking up); (ability to) spread (of paint, cream, etc.); elongation; extension
output (electrical, signal, etc.)
carefree; buoyant; lighthearted; ease
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
shuttlecock; shuttle service (e.g. bus); shuttle (weaving); space shuttle
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to launch; to shoot up; (of waves) to dash; to wash up (ashore); to finish (e.g. a theater run, sumo tournament); to close
one part; one portion; one section; one copy (of a book); (one) complete set (of books)
powerful person; influential person
holiday house; vacation home; villa; prison; jail
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to compete; to contest; to quarrel; to argue; to deny (e.g. evidence)
mechanism; machinery; system; structure; organization
myself; yourself; I; me; you
mind; spirit; attitude; mentality; spirit (of a matter); essence
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to remove; to deinstall; to take away; to set apart
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
change; variation; variety; diversity; inflection; declension
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
to descend; to go down; to be handed down (of an order, judgment, etc.); to pass (of time); to surrender; to capitulate; to be less than
absorbed in; immersed in; forgetting oneself; daze; within a dream; while dreaming