indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
for (e.g. "she dances well for an eight-year old"); considering it's (something or someone)
good performance; good work; great success
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to separate; to part; to divide; to keep apart
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to disappear (of people or animals); to go (away); to leave; to no longer exist
beyond this point; from now on; after this
how; in what way; by what means
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
please (give me); please (do for me)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work