indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
tower; stand; pedestal; calyx
honorific/polite/humble prefix
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
princess; spoiled girl; hothouse flower; glue
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
revolution; 58th year of the sexagenary cycle (in Onmyōdō)
to break up and start anew; to break out of one's shell; to make a fresh start; to go outside oneself
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing