called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
because ...; for ...; the reason being ...; as for ...; when it comes to ...; regarding ...
(not) so; (not) particularly; (not) very; (not) that much
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
meaning; significance; sense
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
at the most; at best; to the utmost; as much as possible; as much as one can
a tiny bit; just a smidgin; a wee bit; very slightly
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
closing; shutting; firmness; tightness; discipline
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
shortness of breath; panting; puffing; running out of steam (e.g. economy); losing momentum
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
time; years; days; the Moon and the Sun
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
in all ages; over the ages; forever and ever
dramatic; exciting; touching; extreme
change; variation; variety; diversity; inflection; declension
to bring; to take; to bring about
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
enough; sufficient; sufficiently; fully; division into ten
time; hour; period; class
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
season (in nature, sports, etc.); seasonal word or phrase (in haiku); year
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
classroom; lecture room; department (in a university); class; lessons; school (for a particular discipline)