discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
this year; this fiscal year; this school year
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to entrust (e.g. a task) to another; to leave to; to passively leave to someone else's facilities; to leave to take its natural course; to continue (something) in a natural fashion (without particular aim); to rely fully on one's (full strength, great ability, long time taken) to get something done
to obey respectfully; to humble oneself; to sit straight (upright, respectfully, attentively)
father; dad; husband; you; he
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
rural area; countryside; the sticks; hometown
unusual; rare; new; novel; fine (e.g. gift)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
story; tale; talk; discussion
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
in that way; thus; so; so?
royal capital; imperial capital
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
younger brother; little brother; brother-in-law (spouse's younger brother or younger sister's husband); (arch.) pupil; (arch.) apprentice
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
anyhow; in any case; at any rate; at best; at most
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
kind; sort; type; equal; match; peer
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
how much; something over; and something; however (much); no matter how