pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
once; one time; one round; one game; one bout; one heat
war; battle; match; game; competition
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
opponent; adversary; the competition; the other side; one's enemy
country in civil war; country disarrayed by war; Warring States period (Japan, China); competiton in which there are several evenly-matched participants; hotly-contested game (match, market, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
beginning; outset; first; onset
entrance; admission; entering
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
slowly; unhurriedly; easily (e.g. in time); well; well (e.g. sleep); comfortably
to rest; to suspend; to give relief
match; game; bout; contest
to look out on; to overlook; to face (a situation, crisis, etc.); to meet (e.g. death); to deal with (an issue); to attend (e.g. a function)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
supervision; control; superintendence; director; superintendent; supervisor
ninja; person trained in ninjutsu and employed for covert purposes in feudal Japan
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
secret (recipe, medicine, etc.); mysteries (e.g. of an art)
ninjutsu; combat and stealth techniques used by ninja for espionage, sabotage, assassination, etc.
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
player (of a sport); athlete; team member
to forge; to temper; to drill; to train; to discipline
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
rumour; rumor; report; hearsay; gossip; common talk
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's