to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Japanese representative; Japanese delegate; Japanese delegation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
overall victory; championship
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to come to an end; to close the curtain
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to unfold; to unroll; to open
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
detached building; solitary house; room detached from main house; separation from; loss of interest in; independence of
home town; birthplace; native place; (arch.) ruins; (arch.) historic remains
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
here I am; I'm home!; presently; right away; right now
all over Japan; throughout Japan
to grow hot (e.g. water); to boil; to get excited (at); to erupt (in applause, cheering, etc.); to ferment; to melt (of metal)
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
activity (esp. energetic); great efforts; conspicuous service; to flourish; to participate actively; to play an active role
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
very; much; greatly; a lot of
to cheer up; to be encouraged (by); to be in high spirits
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
flow (of a fluid or gas); stream; flow (of people, things); passage (of time); course (of events); (step-by-step) procedure; group of people who remain together after the end of an event
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
soccer club (at a school); football club
to build up; to establish (one's reputation)
babysitting; babysitter; protecting; keeping; keeper
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question