indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
yen (Japanese monetary unit); circle
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
certain; sure; definite; reliable; sound; solid
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
breaking through; breakthrough; surmounting; overcoming; exceeding; passing
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
to come near; to let someone approach; to bring near; to bring together; to deliver (opinion, news, etc.); to send (e.g. a letter); to let someone drop by
dribble (of a ball or puck); dribbling
obstruction; check; hindrance; prevention; impediment; interdiction
all members; all hands; everyone; everybody; whole crew
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
ball; ball (pitch that falls outside of the strike zone); bowl; board (cardboard, pasteboard, etc.)
to connect; to link together; to tie; to fasten; to maintain; to preserve
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
to attack; to assault; to assail
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
goal; basket (basketball); finishing line; Gaul
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
goalkeeper; keeper; goalie
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
speck; dot; point; only a little; particle; only one