indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
garden (esp. man-made); orchard; park; place; location
starting field which contains the November and/or December 20-point card
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
magician; wizard; sorcerer; witch
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement